37 ．Don Higginbotham，The War of American Independence ：Military Attitudes ，Policies ，and Practices 1763-1789（1971；repr.Boston：Northeastern University Press，1983），p.362；Cornwallis to Clinton，January 6，1781.in Saberton，The Cornwallis Papers ，pp.33-34.
38 ．For the relative numbers at the Battle of Cowpens，see Spring，With Zeal and Bayonets Only ，p.285 n．27；Don Higginbotham，“Daniel Morgan：Guerrilla Fighter，”in Billias，George Washington's Generals and Opponents ，1：292-93.
39 ．Willard M．Wallace，Appeal to Arms ：A Military History of the American Revolution （New York：Harper，1951），p.234.
40 ．Rankin，“Charles Lord Cornwallis：Study in Frustration，”p.210；Peckham，The War for Independence ，p.152；Cornwallis to Rawdon，January 21，1781，in Saberton，The Cornwallis Papers ，3：251；Selby，The Revolution in Virginia ，p.226.
41 ．Lamb，An Original and Authentic Journal of Occurrences During the Late American War ，p.381；John Buchanan，The Road to Guilford Courthouse ：The American Revolution in the Carolinas （New York：Wiley，1997），p.367；O'Hara to Grafton，April 20，1781，“Letters of Charles O'Hara to the Duke of Grafton，”ed.George C．Rogers Jr.，South Carolina Historical Magazine 65，no.3（July 1964）：174；Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton，Observations on Some Parts of the Answer of Earl Cornwallis to Sir Henry Clinton's Narrative （1783；repr.Cranbury，N.J.：The Scholar's Bookshelf，2005），p.6.
42 ．Babits and Howard，Long ，Obstinate ，and Bloody ，p.36；Spring，With Zeal and Bayonets Only ，pp.47-48；O'Hara to Grafton，April 20，1781，in Rogers，“Letters of Charles O'Hara to the Duke of Grafton，”p.174.
43 ．Lamb，An Original and Authentic Journal of Occurrences During the Late American War ，p.345；Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，p.226.
44 ．Cornwallis to Tarleton，December 18，1780，Saberton，The Cornwallis Papers ，3：352；Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，p.169；Roger Kaplan，“British Intelligence Operations During the American Revolution，”William and Mary Quarterly ，3d ser.，47，no.1（January 1990）：130；O'Hara to Grafton，April 20，1781，Rogers，“Letters of Charles O'Hara to the Duke of Grafton，”p.176；Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，p.231.
45 ．O'Hara to Grafton，January 6，1781，Rogers，“Letters of Charles O'Hara to the Duke of Grafton，”p.171；Smith，Loyalists and Redcoats ，pp.74-75，139，142.
46 ．Cornwallis to Germain，April 18，1781，in Saberton，The Cornwallis Papers ，4：106；Cornwallis to Clinton，April 23，1781，ibid.，pp.112-13；O'Hara to Grafton，April 20，1781，Rogers，“Letters of Charles O'Hara to the Duke of Grafton，”p.177；Shy，A People Numerous and Armed ，p.211.
47 ．Buchanan，The Road to Guilford Courthouse ，p.364.
48 ．Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，p.233；Willcox，The American Rebellion ，p.206.
49 ．Piers Mackesy，The War for America 1775-1783（1964；repr.Lincoln：University of Nebraska Press，1993），p.406；Stephen Conway，The War of American Independence 1775-1783（London：Edward Arnold，1995），pp.123-24；Buchanan，The Road to Guilford Courthouse ，p.374；Babits and Howard，Long ，Obstinate ，and Bloody ，pp.xiv，122，126，159，161-62，207.
50 ．Walpole to William Mason，June 14，1781，quoted in Stanley Weintraub，Iron Tears ：America's Battle for Freedom ，Britain's Quagmire ，1775-1783（New York：Free Press，2005），p.275；O'Hara to Grafton，April 20，1781，Rogers，“Letters of Charles O'Hara to the Duke of Grafton，”pp.177-78；Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，pp.277，217-18；Babits and Howard，Long ，Obstinate ，and Bloody ，p.175.
51 ．Clinton，Observations on Some Parts of the Answer of Earl Cornwallis to Sir Henry Clinton's Narrative ，pp.9-10；Smith，Loyalists and Redcoats ，p.153：康华里于3月18泄发布声明，内容被Smith称为“最欢一次三心二意地寻均支持”。Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis and the War of Independence ，p.315.
52 ．Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，pp.209，210；Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis and the War of Independence ，p.285；O'Hara to Grafton，November 6，1780，Rogers，“Letters of Charles O'Hara to the Duke of Grafton，”p.168.
53 ．Mackesy，The War for America ，p.391；Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，2：89-90，105.
54 ．Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，2：125；Ian R．Christie，The End of North's Ministry ，1780-1782（London：Macmillan，1958），pp.263-64.
55 ．Troy Bickham，Making Headlines ：The American Revolution as Seen through the British Press （DeKalb：Northern Illinois University Press，2009），pp.154-55，156；Mary Beth Norton，The British-Americans ：The Loyalist Exiles in England 1774-1789（Boston：Little，Brown，1972），p.170.
56 ．Cornwallis to Clinton，April 10，1781，Saberton，The Cornwallis Papers ，4：111；Cornwallis to Germain，April 18，1781，ibid.，p.106；Cornwallis to Major General Phillips，April 10，1781，ibid.，pp.114-15；Selby，The Revolution in Virginia ，p.131；Gregory J．W.Urwin，“Cornwallis in Virginia：A Reappraisal，”Military Collector & Historian 37，no.3（Fall 1985）：118.
57 ．Selby，The Revolution in Virginia ，pp.131，211，213；Michael A．McDonnell，Race and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia （Chapel Hill：University of North Carolina Press，2007），pp.318，340，434，460-61，3.McDonnell以萌芽阶段的阶级战争为背景解释分裂，并形容弗吉尼亚是一个“同时看行内战与对英战争的社会”，ibid.，pp.342-44；Dumas Malone，Jefferson the Virginian ，vol.1 of Jefferson and His Time （Boston：Little Brown，1948），p.260。
58 ．Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，pp.294，295.
59 ．Ibid.，p.297.Monticello的原始设计和今天瓷币上的形象不同，但某些原始漳间得到保留，包括图书馆和内室。Michael Kranish，Flight from Monticello ：Thomas Jefferson at War （New York：Oxford University Press，2010），pp.275-82；Scotti，Brutal Virtue ，pp.172，97；Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，p.297.
60 ．Selby，The Revolution in Virginia ，pp.282-83，315；Francis D．Cogliano，Thomas Jefferson ：Reputation and Legacy （Charlottesville：University of Virginia Press，2006），pp.62-64.
61 ．Cogliano，Thomas Jefferson ，pp.64-65.
62 ．Malone，Jefferson the Virginian ，pp.390，445；Kranish，Flight from Monticello ，pp.287-88；Cassandra Pybus，Epic Journeys of Freedom ：Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and Their Global Quest for Liberty （Boston：Beacon Press，2006），pp.48，54，105；Pybus，“Jefferson's Faulty Math：The Question of Slave Defections in the American Revolution，”William and Mary Quarterly ，3d ser.，62，no.2（April 2005）：243，245-46；John R．Maas，“‘The Greatest Terror’：Cornwallis Brings His Campaign to Goochland，June 1781，”Goochland County Historical Society Magazine 41（2009）：55-56.
63 ．Buchanan，The Road to Guilford Courthouse ，p.20；Rodney Atwood，The Hessians ：Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution （Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，1980），p.165；John A．Tilley，The British Navy and the American Revolution （Columbia：University of South Carolina Press，1987），p.111；Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，pp.89-90.
64 ．Pybus，“Jefferson's Faulty Math，”pp.254，256，258；Johann von Ewald，Diary of the American War ：A Hessian Journal ，trans.and ed.Joseph Tustin（New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press，1979），p.305.
65 ．Pybus，Epic Journeys of Freedom ，pp.148，150；Pybus，“Jefferson's Faulty Math，”pp.249，261，263-64；Elizabeth A．Fenn，Pox Americana ：The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775-82（New York：Hill and Wang，2001），pp.130-31；George F．Tyson Jr.，“The Carolina Black Corps：Legacy of Revolution，”Revista /Review Interamericana 5（Winter 1975-76）：648-63；Roger Norman Buckley，Slaves in Red Coats ：The British West India Regiments ，1795-1815（New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press，1979）．Cassandra Pybus认为下书中提供的逃蝇人数过高，Sylvia Frey，Water From the Rock ：Black Resistance in a Revolutionary Age （Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1993），p.211 n．22。
66 ．O'Hara to Grafton，November 1，1780，Rogers，“Letters of Charles O'Hara to the Duke of Grafton，”p.160；Buchanan，The Road to Guilford Courthouse ，p.359；Cornwallis to Phillips，April 10，1781，Saberton，The Cornwallis Papers ，4：114-15；Willcox，The American Rebellion ，pp.270-71，308.
67 ．Cornwallis to Rawdon，July 23，1781，Saberton，The Cornwallis Papers ，6：62-63.
68 ．Clinton to Cornwallis，July 8，1781，Saberton，The Cornwallis Papers ，5：140-42；Clinton to Rawdon，July 23，1781，ibid.，6：62-63；Rawdon to Clinton，July 26，1781，ibid.，1：22-23.
69 ．Willcox，The American Rebellion ，p.323 n．17；Ewald，Diary of the American War ，p.319.
70 ．Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，p.393.
71 ．“Military Journal of Major Ebenezer Denny 1781 to 1795，”Publications of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania （Philadelphia：Lippincott，1860），p.245.
72 ．Jerome A．Greene，The Guns of Independence ：The Siege of Yorktown, 1781（New York：Savas Beatie，2009），pp.42，59，205，210，252，276，307；Cornwallis to Clinton，September 16，1781，October 20，1781，CO 5/103，PRO；Selby，The Revolution in Virginia ，p.302；Rankin，“Charles Lord Cornwallis：Study in Frustration，”p.217；Lamb，An Original and Authentic Journal of Occurrences During the Late American War ，pp.378-79.
73 ．Greene，The Guns of Independence ，p.296；The Annual Register ，in Rebellion in America ：A Contemporary British Viewpoint 1765-1783, ed.David H．Murdoch（Santa Barbara，Calif.：ABC-Clio，1979），p.920；North Callahan，“Henry Knox：American Artillerist，”in Billias，George Washington's Generals and Opponents ，1：255.
74 ．Robert Selig，“20 October 1781：The DayAfter the Surrender，”The Brigade Dispatch ，34，no.2（Summer 2008）：2，5-6；Greene，The Guns of Independence ，p.315.
75 ．Tarleton，A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America ，p.393；Edward C．Lengel，General George Washington ：A Military Life （New York：Random House，2005），p.149.
76 ．Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：379；Our American Brethren ：A History of Letters in the British Press During the American Revolution ，1775-1781 ed.Alfred Grant（Jefferson，N.C.：McFar-land，1995），p.121；Bickham，Making Headlines ，p.161.
77 ．Franklin and Mary Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years （Chapel Hill：University of North Carolina Press，1980），p.5；Wilcox，Portrait of a General ，pp.472，459；Jeremy Black，George Ⅲ：America's Last King （New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press，2006），p.28；Cornwallis to Lieut.Colonel Ross，January 15，1783 in Ross，Correspondence of Charles ，First Marquis Cornwallis ，1：144；Cornwallis to the Bishop of Lichfield，December 12，1787，ibid.，1：59.
78 ．Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，pp.165，131，138；Maya Jasanoff，Edge of Empire.Lives ，Culture and Conquest in the East 1750-1850（New York：Alfred A．Knopf，2005），p.161；P.J.Marshall，“‘Cornwallis Triumphant’：War in India and the British Public in the Late Eighteenth Century，”in War ，Strategy ，and International Politics ：Essays in Honour of Sir Michael Howard ，ed.Lawrence Freedman，Paul Hayes and Robert O'Neill（Oxford：Clarendon Press，1992），pp.61，62，63，71.
79 ．G.M.Ditchfied，George Ⅲ：An Essay in Monarchy （Basingstoke：Palgrave Macmillan，2002），p.135；Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，p.224.
80 ．William Dalrymple，White Mughals ：Love and Betrayal in Eighteenth-Century India （New York：Penguin，2002），p.308；Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，pp.540-54，83；P.J.Marshall，The Making and Unmaking of Empires ：Britain ，India ，and America c ．1750-1783（Oxford：Oxford University Press，2005），p.225.
81 ．Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，pp.135，228；Piers Mackesy，“What the British Army Learned，”in Hoffman and Albert，Arms and Independence ，p.197；Cornwallis to Lieut.-Col.Ross，November 21，1783，Ross，Correspondence of Charles ，First Marquis Cornwallis ，1：150，2：418；Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，p.250.
82 ．Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，pp.68，8；Dalrymple，Love and Betrayalin Eighteenth-Century India ，p.3；Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，pp.92，98，175.
83 ．Cornwallis to Lieut.-Col.Ross，November 13，1783，Ross，Correspondence of Charles ，First Marquis Cornwallis ，1：149；Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，p.262；Ross，Correspondence of Charles ，First Marquis Cornwallis ，2：355，1：16.
84 ．Wickwire and Wickwire，Cornwallis ：The Imperial Years ，p.267.
85 ．Washington，December 20，1780，in Harold A．Larrabee，Decision at the Chesapeake （New York：Clarkson N．Potter，1964），p.91.
第八章
